Steinbecks The Pearl Essays - The Pearl, John Steinbeck, Midas

Life In The 1900s Was Depressing And Was An Era Filled With Extremely

Life in the 1900's was discouraging and was a period loaded up with very hard and strenous work that didn't offer any future for the normal canadian in improving. On the off chance that you were a normal breadwinner you would be for all intents and purposes stuck in a similar activity for an incredible remainder, while rich kept up their riches principally brought about by the low duties. Everyday environments were poor for normal canadians and surprisingly more terrible for the showing up foreigners. As of now a portion of the cutting edge convienences were simply being concocted and regardless of whether it were available to be purchased just the incredibly rich had the alternative of buying the things. Sports being exceptionally new, in its part being sorted out was little league contrasted with present day. Voyaging required time and was awkward. Just the rich could have the extravagant accomadations for those long excursions. Numerous employments were accessible to a great many people however you were under consistent investigation while working and would need to do anything the manager needed. I accept my companions and I would in all probability detest and disdain it in the event that we needed to live in the 1900's. During the 1900's ponies assumed a critical job in the regular day to day existence. A pony drawn carriage would bring a docter to the place of where a child would be conceived. A funeral wagon was pulled by ponies to the burial ground when someone kicked the bucket. Ranchers utilized them to pull their furrows while town inhabitants saved them for transportation around town. Ponies puled conveyance wagons for organizations, for example, pastry kitchen, dairy, and coal organization. Ponies got fire motors through the lanes in a fire crisis. The bike was broadly acknowledged by canadians due to its simple maintence contrasted with a pony. The bicycle permitted an alternative of transportation. The bike likewise gave a feeling of opportunity to essentially anyone ready to learn. Henry Ford altered the world we live in by concocting the horseless carriage, on the off chance that it had not been for him, rather than taking the GO transport toward the beginning of the day we'd ride a pony named Wanda. Not exclusively did his innovation offer a strategy for transportation to the general population, however it assisted with our crisis administrations, for example, fire motors, squad cars, and ambulances. Presently we have a huge assortment of vehicles to browse differing in size and cost. He likewise carried an enormous beneficial industry to North America...The vehicle industry. In those days there weren't numerous issues that they made. Today, we have our disintegrating ozone layer, harmful synthetic concoctions that originate from exhaust vapor (CO2)(Carbon Monoxide). Also the car crashes, leaving issues and automobile overloads in downtown Toronto. 11 years past to WW I Orville and Wilbur Wright made an effective trip in the main plane at the sea shore of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Despite the fact that the flight just kept going 12 seconds it would change the manner in which we see the world. The phone permitted the houseneeds to be fulfilled without leaving they're homes. Ladies got an oppurtunity to fill in as an a switch board administrator. I don't have the foggiest idea whether I can pressure the significance of Marconi's innovation enough. Yet, I can say, that without it not exclusively would there be no T.V. or on the other hand radio there would be a great deal of jobless individuals right now(even more jobless than now!!!). The purpose behind that is radio gives individuals employments, for example, DJ's, melodic developers and so on. Likewise, radio is a significant type of publicizing, without it there would not be the same number of promoting organizations or the same number of positions in this field. Without T.V., promoting organizations would likewise confront similar results. T.V. furnishes a large number of individuals with work in plugs, T.V. shows, and films. Baseball was the most famous game in the United States where the World Series started in 1903. Tom Longboat was conceived in Brantford, Ontario and was known for surpassing a pony over a 19 km coarse. He set a precedent of 2 hours, 24 min and 24 seconds when he ran the Boston Marathon. Jan 22/1901 Queen Victoria kicked the bucket at 63 years old years. The Queens rule extended over the globe. With her passing came modernization. In the mid 1900's ponies were being utilized extensivley for all transportating obligations and some physical work occupations.

Sample TOEFL Preference Essay Building a Factory in My Town

Sample TOEFL Preference Essay Building a Factory in My Town Sample TOEFL Preference EssayThe QuestionImagine that your city government has given permission for amajor companyto build a large factory near your neighborhood. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not?Explain your position using specific reasons and examples.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample Essay(Note that this question came from theOfficial Guide to the TOEFL, which is a decent book) The presence of factories near residential zones is a very controversial topic in modern society. personally, I would wholeheartedly support the construction of a factory near my town. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. First of all, my community desperately needs the jobs that a factory would provide . I live in an economically disadvantaged region which has suffered from high unemployment rates for more than fifty years. This has had some very serious effects on the town, including high rates of child poverty andcrime, as well as poorly developed public services. This makes me think of my brother’s situation. He lives in the same country as I do, but in a different city. Several years ago, a manufacturing plant actually was constructed in his region. There was, indeed, an increase in pollution, noise and traffic after the factory opened, but everyone agrees that this was an acceptable trade-off for the declines in crime, graffiti and homelessness that occurred at the same time. I believe that my brother’s example demonstrates why it would be a great idea to construct new industry in my town. Secondly, modern industry is not as bad as a lot of people think.Here in Canada, factories come equipped with modern technology that removes the most dangerous chemicals from their regu lar emissions. Moreover, advances in public transportation can alleviate some of the traffic-related concerns that most people have when they think about industrial development. For example, when that factory was constructed in my brother’s town he and many of his neighbors were quite surprised at how little air pollution they noticed. There was some effect on their air quality, but it was not nearly as bad as they thought it would be. Not only that, but the construction of the factory caused the local government to invest heavily in public transportation for the workers, and this has made life more convenient for everyone in the city. This example describes another reason why I would love for a factory to be constructed in my hometown. In conclusion, I strongly believe that a factory would be a wonderful addition to my community. This is because it would create a lot of employment, and because factories are not as dirty and inconvenient as many people think.NoteThis is a sample T OEFL personal preference essay written by a native speaker. It follows our TOEFL writing templates for independent essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

Animal Testing Is A Global Concern - 894 Words

Mice, rats, rabbits, fish and many countless amounts of other types of animal species are subjects for many scientific and research based experiments. Figure 1, shows how much of each group of animals are used in the testing. Over 75% of the animals used in research are mice followed by fish, amphibians, birds and the reptiles and other rodents and rabbits are used the less. Animal testing is a global concern that is being faced all over the world. This practice involves the injection of drugs, chemicals and other substances into millions of animals on a daily basis to test for the safety of many cosmetics and medications. (A. Moran, 2013). In order to determine the safety of the products and medications that are being sold to human, these animals are the centre of the experiments and are suffering from severe pains day and night. Animal testing is happening in numerous places around the world, the tastings occurring in Europe, Canada and the United States will be the focus of this paper. This issue will be further examined in terms of the reasons for its occurrence, impacts and possible solutions and implications to resolve this problem. An example of how and why animals are used in laboratories, the University of British Columbia, in 2012 released the six categories for how they use animals in research (Figure 2). The first category is purpose 0. Animals here are held in breeding colonies. (The University of British Columbia). The second category is purpose 1.Show MoreRelatedDrug Development Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesDrug development This entire section on drug development highlights concerns which are very particular to the industry. They therefore lead to the implementation of CSR activities which are also very industry specific, although aspects such as animal testing and ethics in research can be shared by other industries such as the cosmetics industry, or the medical device sector for instance. Need for RD and innovation Today, the need for RD and innovation is great, maybe greater than ever. In theRead MoreThe Dangers Of Testing Cosmetic Products On Animals1496 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Many of the largest brands in beauty s billion dollar industry are still continuing to test products on animals. Based on prior knowledge, there are various companies that do not test on animals. While there are big brand companies that continue to test on animals, like mice and rabbits. The purpose of this research is to examine the dangers of testing cosmetic products on animals, along with examining possible effective and safe ways to test products. Gathering information through qualitativeRead MoreNew Generations and Ethical Judgements1037 Words   |  4 PagesAs time progresses, with each new generation, society erects new barriers and raises new concerns that hinder the production of knowledge. This phenomena is evident throughout various fields of study and it is well known that these limitations infringe upon the production of knowledge in both the arts and natural sciences. I intend to discuss how ethical judgements have imposed limitations on the methods available to socie ty in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciencesRead MoreSustainability And Ethical Concerns Of The Body Shop1627 Words   |  7 Pages1. Sustainability and ethical concerns The Body Shop was always considered as sustainable and ethical business. ‘The company s campaigns against human rights abuses, in favour of animal and environmental protection and it commitment to challenge the stereotypes of beauty perpetuated by the cosmetics industry’ (THE BODY SHOP, 1999). The Body Shop sources the best quality raw ingredients around the world, they have ‘twenty-five Community Fair Trade suppliers’ (THE BODY SHOP, 2015) and their purchasingRead MoreProtecting Animals From Neglect And Cruelty Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesProtecting animals from neglect and cruelty has a long and venerated history in the United States. â€Å"A central goal of the animal rights movement has been to draw attention to vivisection and the use of animals in medical and industrial research† (Liechty). Using animals in research and to test the safety of products has been a topic of heated debate for decades. According to data collected by F. Barbara Orlans for her book, In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation, sixtyRead MoreAnimal Testing : No Harm, Only Benefits1567 Words   |  7 PagesPerales April 5, 2016 Animal Tests: No Harm, Only Benefits As the years have passed the human race has come across and discovered many different diseases. Many of the diseases were lethal due to the fact that there was no cure to be found. But as years went on our technology began to â€Å"evolve†, we found cures for what many would think are incurable. The practice of using animals in biomedical research has led to significant advances in the treatment of various diseases. Animals would be injected withRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects1742 Words   |  7 Pagesin supermarkets contain many genetically modified components (Kelly). GMOs, also known as genetically modified organisms, are organisms that have had had its DNA spliced and manipulated in a laboratory by fusing genes from other organisms such as animals, bacteria, or viruses (Kelly). According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the history of genetically modified organisms goes back to the 1920’s when a large corporation, Monsanto, was first experimenting with its chemical production byRead MoreEssay on Animal Abuse In Todays World1528 Words   |  7 Pagesmight cause on humans, even though the physiological differences between humans and the animals they use are drastic. On a daily basis most people do not see their own degree of unintentional support towards this global dilemma, but hopefully after I am finished here today you too will question how mankind can, with conscience, commit these acts which shame us as human beings. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Animals possess the same kinds of feelings and emotions as human beings, and without anesthesiaRead MoreAnimal Testing : No Harm, Only Benefits1710 Words   |  7 PagesPerales April 5, 2016 Animal Tests: No Harm, Only Benefits As the years have passed the human race has come across and discovered many different diseases. Many of the diseases were lethal due to the fact that there was no cure to be found. But as years went on our technology began to â€Å"evolve†, we found cures for what many would think are incurable. The practice of using animals in biomedical research has led to significant advances in the treatment of various diseases. Animals would be injected withRead MoreGlobal Climate Change, Sustainable Development1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global Environmental Movement is one of the many (NGO’s) addressing international issues, mostly in developing countries, gathering and analyze technical information. Environmental issues have become a significant problem over the years, which raised concerns at the global and international levels, which provoke movements for environmental protection at the international level. From the early 1960s forward, concern about the global scopes of environmental harm and the movement for international

Perception of Philippine Politics Based on News Program

Perception of Philippine Politics Based on News Program Submitted by: Alba, Emmanuel Evan Cabildo, Angeli Mercado, Aizel Kristel Pagdato, Gladys Rodenas, Zaira May Varona, Nicodemus Zaragosa, Roselle Submitted on: March 3, 2010 Chapter I: Introduction BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Perception and Media In 2008, Millennium Challenge Corporation’s (MCC) corruption test gave the Philippines a failing grade in the area of â€Å"control of corruption† (North America News Bureau, 2008).The country failed the test of two indicators for not spending enough for health and primary education. But the present administration claimed they were judged based on perception alone. Perception can make or break people and institutions (Powers, 2007). People†¦show more content†¦But how does media constructs the news from the reality is questionable in the first place. Media as a national broadsheets, radio and television stations are owned by big corporations. Some of them have contracts from the government, and they own an entire array of interests. These situations may largely affect their service. But we should ask on what the medias position on the government. Majority of TV stations position themselves as oppositions to the government. Possibly as a result of ineffective implementation of government policies against corruption and justice, people have entrusted to the media the power as its confidante in these issues. Also surveys have shown that Filipinos regard the media as a credible institution. Given numerous accounts of media acting as a hero every time they expose issues with courage even under conditions of restrictions. But media is still in challenge with a government that claims they are victims of false perception. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Media must serve their purpose as the publics eyes and ears. Media should serve as a watchdog to make institutions accountable. But do Philippine media play a role in good governance? Sensational practices or positivism and legitimacy? The study focuses on the influence of news program on its audiences perception regarding Philippine politics. This concentrates on the media as a powerful actor that has the ability to filterShow MoreRelatedPolitical Turncoatism9214 Words   |  37 PagesIntroduction To be a party to an organization is to be identified to that organization and renunciation of the other party. However, in the Philippine case politicians freely and gracefully shift from one party to another, the other changed his mind and do the same. Party- switching had been a common scenario in the Philippine politics. Its occurrence is usually at election times or at times when there is a need to resolve a certain conflict involving a political issue or question and during timesRead MoreEffectiveness the Implementation of Peace and Order Ordinance at Barangayn7685 Words   |  31 Pagesthe Philippines. Participants were pre†selected and their representations were determined using the ethnographic technique with the property of conversation (pakikipagkwentuhan). This inquiry notes that good governance of BPU can be affected by the lack of capabilities of officials; indecisiveness during assumption of duties as officers†in†charge. influence of their siblings and family relatives; and sensitivity of the issues and concerns being addressed. The academics proposed that programs andRead MoreThe Degradation Of Socio Ecological Coastal Areas Of The Philippines3764 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction The Philippines is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia. The Philippines is composed of 7,100 islands bestowed with rich coastal resources and marine diversity (Balgos, 2005). With rich coastal resources, Filipinos made coastal fishing activities its main livelihood. On the other hand, tourism is also seen as a growing industry in the coastal areas. This has resulted in the degradation of socio-ecological coastal areas in the Philippines. Because of this problem, it is importantRead MoreRp-Us Visiting Forces Agreement12890 Words   |  52 PagesRepublic of the Philippines maintain close ties based upon the U.S.- Philippines Mutual Defense Treaty, the period of U.S. colonization, common strategic and economic interests, and shared democratic values. The United States long maintained sizable naval and air forces bases in the country. Although the Philippine Senate voted against U.S. wishes to close American military installations in 1992, bilateral security cooperation re sumed following territorial disputes between the Philippines and China inRead MoreIslamic Reform Movements Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesaccording to the Sharia can only be realized and guaranteed by a government based upon it. An Islamic government ensures the application of the Sharia thereby preserving the moral order upon which the integrity of the community of believers depends. Contemporary The following beliefs provide the ideological framework for Islamic reform movements:  · Islam is a total way of life. Therefore religion is integral to politics, state and society.  · The political, military, and economic weaknessesRead MoreAre You in or Out?: a Study of Ilonggos` Attitude Towards Going Abroad8617 Words   |  35 Pageslong-awaited answer to the problem of poverty for the Filipino people? Is Philippines not a greener pasture for the Filipino people? Despite the many risk factors like psychological problems, emotional reservations, instability of other countries, culture shock and homesickness, still, according to POEA, growing number of Filipinos leave the country everyday. What made them convince themselves to leave their families? Philippines has rich agricultural lands, abundant marine reserves that has beenRead MoreEarth Summit 19922674 Words   |  11 Pagesproduction — particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals * alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change * new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smog * the growing scarcity of water An important achievement was an agreement on the ClimateRead MoreOfw Remittances- an Economic Booster10937 Words   |  44 Pagesremittance leads to better economic conditions and in many parts of India for the Indian families, the sole bread earners work abroad and hence the remittance that they receive helps them to survive. In order to make remittances more secure, the World Bank based in Washington has made the following information compulsory when the remittance transfer is to be made: the amount to be sent, the amount disbursed to the receiver, the fees if any paid by the sender and the receiver, the date when the remittance willRead MoreNoynoy Aquino Regime4701 Words   |  19 Pages(Have you experienced waiting on an intersection, for the light to get green, only to be overtaken by another vehicle with a siren?†¦ Me too.) Ihad the chance to watch the inaugural program of the newly-proclaimed president of our country, Benigno Aquino III, or more commonly known as Noynoy to the masses. The excerpt above was mentioned by his excellency during the early stages of his speech. Even though it’s not the crux of the speech, I could easily relate to what he said, for I myself experiencedRead MorePhilippine Political Thoughts4139 Words   |  17 PagesPHILIPPINE POLITICAL THOUGHTS Political Thinkers   Ã‚   Ideas are meant not to immortalize history but rather to make sense of it.   The manufacture of such ideas is influenced by circumstances that shape it and also, the vital thoughts of their authors.   If we are to analyze our history, we could see that ideas are not only important for their interpretation of our history but also for their contribution to changes in our nation.   Groundbreaking ideas have moved our nation to change.   It is thus valuable

Obamacare a Threat to America Free Essays

President Barack Obama has been written into the history books for becoming the first African American president of the United States. The president plans on changing history again by bringing universal health care into the United States, which has won him much popularity among Democratic voters. President Obama’s speeches are adored by his fans but raise many red flags for the majority of America. We will write a custom essay sample on Obamacare: a Threat to America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major concerns Americans have with President Obama’s two proposed health-care bills are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses. As many Americans believe Presidents Obama’s health-care plan is what the United States has needed for decades, considering he did get elected, his polices will prove to be a bane for the United States. The main concern for many Americans about the Obama’s Health-Care plan is the fact that they will lose the freedom to choose. Choosing health-care benefits, doctors, and high-deductable coverage is important to every insured American citizen, so why would Obama change that? In his speeches, Obama has promised Americans that they will be able to keep their existing health-care coverage but the proposed bills tell a different story. Both bills necessitate that Americans buy approved plans that have a number of universal benefits or face penalties. Even with a five year grace period given to big employers to convert to the new plans, there will be no options if the bills are passed. Choosing what benefits are included in one’s health-care plan often times saves money that could put food on the table for a struggling family. Several states have already imposed a list of required benefits for health-care plans; everyone from â€Å"chiropractors to alcohol-abuse counselors† competes to be included on lists of required benefits (Tully). This competition is one reason health-care costs continue to rise. A few of the mandated benefits of the bills include coverage for prescription drugs, substance-abuse services, mental-health services, as well as insuring â€Å"children† until they reach 26 years of age. Before the bills are finalized, the Department of Health and Human Services will hire â€Å"experts† to complete he list (Tully). Thus, nobody will know exactly what this standardized list of benefits will include until the bills are passed. For some Americans, choosing their doctors is very important. Whatever the reason, some people feel more comfortable around certain doctors than others. Why would Obama take away such a simple freedom? With passing of the bills, Americans will be ass igned primary care physicians who then will assign patients to specialists, if needed. It is up to the â€Å"gate-keeper† which specialist the patients sees and when. Of course, the choice is to be made on which route is the most â€Å"cost-effective† (Tully). The situation only gets worse when primary care physicians deny patients care, and still get paid. Another freedom Obama’s Health-Care bills will strip from Americans is the choice of high-deductable coverage. Currently about 5 million Americans take advantage of Health Savings Accounts (HSA) offered by their employers (Tully). These work when an employee puts money into the account, requiring the employer to make an equivalent deposit. Employees use Health Savings Accounts to pay for high-deductable coverage plans which, in turn, they use to cover several-thousand dollar medical bills. With high-deductable plans, patients are to cover regular doctor visits themselves; HSAs help cover these bills as well. The proposed bills cause great concern to HSA participants for the simple fact that they will no longer be able to choose a plan with â€Å"stripped† benefits. To rub salt on an open wound, John Goodman of the National Center for Policy Analysis says, â€Å"The government could set extremely low deductibles that would eliminate HSAs.. And they could do it after the bills are passed. † Mandating minimum benefit packages will only drive up medical costs for those who now rely on HSAs to cover medical expenses, ending â€Å"consumer-driven† care (Tully). By eliminating money coming in from independent consumers instead of big insurance companies, the proposed bills will snuff out any type of market health-care now has. Another major concern for Americans about Obamacare is a topic President Obama would rather not mention: cost. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the price tag of the bill coming from the Senate Health Committee would be approximately $1 trillion spanning ten years, and that would only cover a small portion of uninsured Americans. Even worse, the Congressional Budget Office estimates another bill from the Senate Finance Committee at over $1. 6 trillion (Reich). These numbers come at the worst possible time when the United States deficit has reached an all-time high at over $14 trillion as of January (Sahadi). This begs the question, how does Obama expect to pay for these tremendous bills? The answer: Obama plans to raise taxes. Though Medicare cuts and increased taxes will pay for much of the immediate â€Å"overhaul,† according to the proposed bills, the first sign federal tax credits will not be seen until 2013. Only eligible small businesses, up to 25 employees, can receive very limited tax credits up to 35% towards employee health coverage, which Obama hopes will persuade small businesses to offer employee health-care plans (Fox News). But in reality, the cuts affects only one-third of small businesses, leaving the nearly rest of America to get insurance through their big business employer or buy it themselves (Danner). The United States is less than $300 billion away from our debt ceiling, what would another $1 trillion in debt do to our country? Experts predict â€Å"crippling† results. Even in the best case scenario, the value of U. S. bonds and currency would be destroyed. If the U. S. did default, markets around the world would see the effects (Sahadi). If the U. S. overnment is about to lose the ability to pay its own bills, why is the president trying to reform health-care knowing it will add to the already outstanding debt? Small business are another key concern for Americans as President Obama is pushing harder than ever for his proposed health bills. In his campaign Obama ensured Americans that his bills will include benefits for small business, however that is not the case. Looking closely, the pr oposed tax credits for small businesses will put each small business through a series of tests to decide whether it is eligible for the credit and how much they could receive. With less than one-third of small businesses fully eligible under the restrictions, President Obama’s Health-Care plan will leave Americans with few options when it comes to health-care. Even more, the president neglects to mention is that his tax credits for small business are only temporary, six years at the most (Danner). After the credits run out, small businesses will be forced to pay full price for employee health costs, driving up the cost of business dramatically. Businesses that cannot afford the full price tag of employee coverage and newly imposed taxes will have no choice but go out of business. Small businesses created 64% of all new jobs in the last 15 years; the idea of unemployment taking another dramatic rise caused by the closing of numerous small businesses is something the current economy of the United States cannot handle (SBA. gov). There is no doubt Americans like President Obama but when a record number of Americans lose their jobs because of his bills, what will Americans think of him then? There is no doubt President Obama is an excellent speaker but his way with words hides truths that Americans need to know. Now that these truths have leaked out to the public, Americans are concerned about many different aspects of the president’s proposed bills. Understand, the idea of every American citizen having health insurance sounds great to everybody, but at what cost? Major concerns of American citizens are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses. President Obama’s promise that Americans could keep their current plans has been proven bogus, he has neglected to mention the tremendous costs of his proposed health-care bills, and these bills could irreversibly damage the American economy; is Obama the change that America was searching for? As his 2,000 page documents conceal the truths behind his proposed ideas, President Obama’s health-care plan has proven itself to be yet another bane that could very possibly be placed on top the United States’ already weighted shoulders. How to cite Obamacare: a Threat to America, Papers

Stranger Essays (4303 words) - Literature, Fiction,

Stranger In The Stranger, Albert Camus portrays Meursault, the book's narrator and main character, as aloof, detached, and unemotional. He does not think much about events or their consequences, nor does he express much feeling in relationships or during emotional times. He displays an impassiveness throughout the book in his reactions to the people and events described in the book. After his mother's death he sheds no tears; seems to show no emotions. He displays limited feelings for his girlfriend, Marie Cardona, and shows no remorse at all for killing an Arab. His reactions to life and to people distances him from his emotions, positive or negative, and from intimate relationships with others, thus he is called by the book's title, "the stranger". While this behavior can be seen as a negative trait, there is a young woman who seems to want to have a relationship with Meursault and a neighbor who wants friendship. He seems content to be indifferent, possibly protected from pain by his indifference. Meursault rarely shows any feeling when in situations which would, for most people, elicit strong emotions. Throughout the vigil, watching over his mother's dead body, and at her funeral, he never cries. He is, further, depicted enjoying a cup of coffee with milk during the vigil, and having a smoke with a caretaker at the nursing home in which his mother died. The following day, after his mother's funeral, he goes to the beach and meets a former colleague named Marie Cardona. They swim, go to a movie, and then spend the night together. Later in their relationship, Marie asks Meursault if he wants to marry her. He responds that it doesn't matter to him, and if she wants to get married, he would agree. She then asks him if he loves her. To that question he responds that he probably doesn't, and explains that marriage really isn't such a serious thing and doesn't require love. This reaction is fairly typical of Meursault as portrayed in the book. He appears to be casual and indifferent about life events. Nothing seems to be very significant to him. Later on in the book, after he kills an Arab, not once does he show any remorse or guilt for what he did. Did he really feel nothing? Camus seems to indicate that Meursault is almost oblivious and totally unruffled and untouched by events and people around him. He is unwilling to lie, during his trial, about killing the Arab. His reluctance to get involved in defending himself results in a verdict of death by guillotine. Had Meursault been engaged in his defense, explaining his actions, he might have been set free. Meursault's unresponsive behavior, distant from any apparent emotions, is probably reinforced by the despair which he sees open and feeling individuals experience. He observes, for example, Raymond cheated on and hurt by a girlfriend, and sees his other neighbor, Salamano, very depressed when he loses a dear companion, his dog. Meursault's responses are very different, he doesn't get depressed at death nor does he get emotionally involved. He appears to be totally apathetic. Thus, he seems to feel no pain and is protected from life's disappointments. Sometimes a person like Meursault can be appealing to others because he is so non-judgmental and uncritical, probably a result of indifference rather than sympathetic feelings. His limited involvement might attract some people because an end result of his distance is a sort of acceptance of others, thus he is not a threat to their egos. Raymond Sintes, a neighbor who is a pimp, seems to feel comfortable with Meursault. Sintes does not have to justify himself because Meursault doesn't comment on how Sintes makes money or how he chooses to live his life. Even though Meursault shows no strong emotions or deep affection, Marie, his girlfriend, is still attracted and interested in him. She is aware of, possibly even fascinated by, his indifference. ---- The Sun as a Symbol/Motif in Albert Camus's The Stranger Camus' usage of the sun opposes its warmth and beauty in The Stranger. The sun is a symbol for feelings and emotions, which Monsieur Meursault cannot deal with. There is a sun motif present throughout the novel, which perniciously characterizes the usual fondness towards the sun. The sun is a distraction from Meursault's everyday life and he cannot handle it. The sun first presents a problem to Meursault at his mother's funeral procession. Even before the procession embarks, Meursault remarks of the sun, calling it "inhuman and oppressive." Meursault has shown no emotion towards

Repressed Memories Essay Example

Repressed Memories Essay Example Repressed Memories Essay Repressed Memories Essay Repressed memories may have been blocked due to ‘repression which is the removal of unwanted experiences into the unconscious because the event was considered too traumatic to recall. These memories can include things from child abuse to witnessing a murder. It’s the impact on the mind so it can cope with what may be too hard for the individual to deal with at that time. Understanding that memory is not a digital recording that provides for a totally accurate replay (Merskey, H.2010) is often overlooked in the beginning of remembering a repressed memory and also that many different triggers are involved in the recovery of repressed memories. Triggers are another way in which repressed memories are thought to resurface during therapy and/or basically anywhere at any time in the person’s life. A trigger can be in the form of a taste, touch, smell etc. Many times the memory is so spontaneous that it occurs in a flashback, with feelings to strong it as if the person is reliving the moment once again (Seager, W). Psychotherapy is one way in that many can try to force their minds to recall the event more accurately (Seager, W). While most research focuses on whether people remember or forget trauma, repression, however, is a multidimensional construct, which, in addition to the memory aspect, consists of pathogenic effects on adjustment and the unconscious (Merskey, H. 2010). Moreover, since psychoanalysis regards repression as a key factor in accounting for the development and treatment of neurotic disorders, relevant research from these two domains are also taken into account. There are two types of recovered memories: those that gradually return in recovered memory therapy (RMT) and those that are spontaneously recovered outside the context of therapy (Merskey, H. 2010). By having a better understanding of the two types not only benefits a person’s therapist to help the client work through the memories but also they help to legalize the memory and give it credit and validity (Groenveld, n. d). RMT is a term which refers to the attempts to recover long forgotten or repressed memories. It is often used when a client is suspected to have been abused many years ago, but has no memories of it as an adult (Groenveld, n. d. ). RMT has just as many supporters as it does those who believe therapist cause clients to have â€Å"false memories†. Many therapists engaged in recovered memory therapy believe that adult problems, such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, relationship problems, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, etc are often caused by a specific form of abuse (Groenveld, n. d. ). Memories of that abuse are often believed to have been repressed so that they cannot be remembered. Even though the abuse is not remembered, it generates some of the above symptoms in the adult (Groenveld, n. d. ). Although most memories are recovered during counseling with a therapist who believes in them, there exist a growing number of individuals who have recovered memories outside of therapy (Groenveld, n. d. ). Frequently, books like The Courage to Heal by authors Ellen Bass (2007) and Laurie Davis are used by an individual. The techniques are the same; they are simply self-administered (Menzel, n. d). The Courage to Heal has various strengths according to book reviewer Jennifer Menzel, M. A. Authors Bass and Davis (2007) examine very traumatic experiences and offer hope to survivors of these experiences (Menzel, n. d. ). A second strength is that Bass and Davis use the word â€Å"survivor† instead of â€Å"victim. † This works to instill hope in readers and helps to enable survivors to actively engage in the healing process (Menzel, n. d. ). A third strength is the emphasis not only on the facts of sexual abuse, but on real experiences of survivors (Menzel, n.d. ). Menzel (n. d. ) concludes her review of The Courage to Heal as being a useful bibliotherapy tool and is highly recommended. However, as with any form of bibliotherapy, clinical judgment must be used when assigning this book in psychotherapy. One of the most repressed memories is that of childhood sexual abuse. Although controversy surrounds the relative authenticity of discontinuous versus continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), little is known about whether such memories differ in their likelihood of corroborative evidence. Individuals reporting CSA memories were interviewed, and two independent raters attempted to find corroborative information for the allegations (Brockman, R. 2010). Continuous CSA memories and discontinuous memories that were unexpectedly recalled outside therapy were more likely to be corroborated than anticipated discontinuous memories recovered in therapy (Brockman, R. 2010). Evidence that suggestion during therapy possibly mediates these differences comes from the additional finding that individuals who recalled the memories outside therapy were marked more surprised at the existence of their memories than were  individuals who initially recalled the memories in therapy (Brockman, R. 2010). These results indicate that discontinuous CSA memories spontaneously retrieved outside of therapy may be accurate, while implicating expectations arising from suggestions during therapy in producing false CSA memories (Brockman, R. 2010). Still the question of why people repress memories and are able to retrieve them at a later date along with how true those memories might be is still one that needs to be further explained. Whatever the terminology applied, be it repression, dissociation or forgetting, humans have a capacity to not consciously know about aspects of their traumas for extended periods of time (Middleton et al, 2005) are all factors to include in the memory. Also multiple factors including the age at which traumas occurred, the relationships to the person responsible or the nature and extent of the traumas influence what will be accessible to memory (Middleton, 2005). Professionals have the responsibility during an intake interview to put forth the question of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse to the person. The rationale for this prescription is that a clinician who asks conveys to the client that the client will be believed and that the clinician will join with the client in working through the memories and emotions linked with childhood sexual abuse (Loftus, 1993). Asking about sexual abuse along with a list of other past life events makes sense given the high instance of actual abuse, but the concern is how the issue is raised and what therapists do when clients initially deny an abusive past.   Brockman, R.. (2010). Aspects of Psychodynamic Neuropsychiatry I: Episodic Memory, Transference, and the Oddball Paradigm. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 38(4), 693-710. Retrieved May 6, 2012, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 2256258471). Groenveld, J. (n. d. ). Repressed memories and Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT). Retrieved May 8, 2009 from caic. org. au/fms. sra/rmt/htm Loftus, E. (1993). The Reality of Repressed Memories. American Psychological Association, 48, 518-537. Retrieved from http://faculty:Washington. edu/elofus Menzel, J. (n. d). The courage to heal: A guide for women survivors of child sexual abuse (3rd edition). [Review of the book]. Psychologists in Independent Practice. A Division of the American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www/division42. org/MembersArea/Nws_Views/articles/Reviews_Books/ Merskey, H.. (2010). Try to Remember: Psychiatrys Clash Over Meaning, Memory, and Mind. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 112-113. Retrieved May 6, 2012, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 1986429491). Middleton, W. , Cromer, L. , Freyd, J. (2005, September). Remembering the past, anticipating a future. Australasian Psychiatry, 13(3), 223-233. Retrieved May 8, 2012, doi:10. 1111/j. 1440-1665. 2005. 02192. x Seager, W. Schwitzgebel, Eric. Perplexities of consciousness. CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries Apr. 2012: 1458. Academic OneFile. Web. 6 May 2012.

How to Make Glowing Printer Ink

How to Make Glowing Printer Ink You can make homemade glowing ink that you can use in your printer to make glow in the dark letters, signs, or pictures. Its easy to do and works on all kinds of paper or even for making iron-on transfers for fabric. Glowing Ink Materials glow powder (sold in craft stores; if you cant find it you can substitute glowing paint)printer ink refillempty printer cartridgesyringe (available at any pharmacy) Prepare the Glowing Ink Basically, youre adding a chemical to normal ink that will cause it to glow in the dark. Ink formulations, especially for printers, are complex, so the resulting ink may not print as smoothly as it ordinarily would. You may wish to adjust the ratio of ingredients to get just the right ink for your needs. In a small bowl, mix together 1/4 teaspoon of glow powder with 3 teaspoons of ink from your refill ink cartridge.Microwave the ink for 30 seconds to help it mix better.Use a syringe to draw up the ink.You may be able to locate the refill holes on the cartridge (often under the label) and inject the ink into the cartridge without breaking it open, but it you cant find the holes then remove the cap from an empty printer cartridge and inject the glowing ink. Re-seal the cap back onto the ink cartridge (if necessary) and insert it into your printer.Print a few pages to give the ink a chance to flow, then print out your glowing document.Charge the ink by shining a bright light onto the printed image for about a minute. Sunlight or a black light works best, but you can use any bright light source.Turn out the lights and see the glow! The glow from the ink will fade after a few minutes in the dark, but if you keep the ink exposed to black light it will continue to glow.

Higher education in gulf countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Higher education in gulf countries - Essay Example Through higher learning schedule, each country manages to meet its wants of eligible and trained labor forces which labor market wants and which its state development requires. Higher education universally experiences many of the adjustments, transformations and problems imposed by technical and information developments of the modern evolution. More so the future development and constancy of any financial system is determined by the capability of its education scheme to position people with the essential knowledge and effectively incorporate them into the labor force and contribute to the state’s economy. To perfect, education has often been viewed as a fundamental component of human well fare and national output. Gulf states is a suitable short name for the Arab states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the united emirates in and Saudi Arabia. Gulf nations are associates of the collaboration council for the Arab countries of the gulf. These states are usually called gulf cooperative countries. The Gulf States are known to have a common regional culture. Although their status quo and rate of development differ, these states share similar features that exemplify their economic and education sectors for instance overreliance on oil, a dominant public sector with an important economic surplus, a young and quickly growing national labor force and overdependence on expatriate labor. These sate also face similar problems to put up with for example they face difficulties in expanding their economies, addressing low production and labor force setbacks, increasing the non-oil private sector, and improving the ability of managerial and public sector organizations. Several years ago, most third world countries especially the Arab Gulf States have come to discover a good education scheme as a basis of the economic progress. The necessity for the education

Is Global Warming a Hoax Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Global Warming a Hoax - Research Paper Example Global warming, the theory of climate change has aroused intense controversy regarding the extent to which our activities affect global temperature and weather patterns. Although there a lot of people out there who are trying to keep their carbon emission to the minimum, skeptics believe that human induced global warming is insignificant and the evolution from fire to nuclear energy is a path of improved human health and welfare arising from efficient and effective access to energy. Whatever may be the argument, earth temperature is rising year after year. In this regard, my research aims to ultimately address the issue: is global warming a hoax and is it actually an exaggeration? Certain atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and water vapor, trap solar energy and keep the temperature of the earth warmer than it would be without such gases (Henson, 2006, pp. 19-26). This is known as greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is absolutely necessary to keep the Earth at a temperature that sustains life. Without greenhouse effect, the temperature of the earth would be colder than today’s average range, too cold to sustain the earth’s existing plant and animal life. ... 279). Global warming is having an adverse effect on the environment in the Arctic. Rising temperatures endangers populations of animals that live in an ice based ecosystem. Polar bears, walruses and seals are now often underweight or malnourished because higher temperatures limit their ice based food sources and disrupt their feeding and weaning cycle. Although natural climatic changes are partially responsible for the rise in the average temperature over the past century, the current rate of glacial erosion suggests that higher levels of greenhouse gases are contributing significantly to global warming. Glacial melting could lead to damaging flash flood in some locales. Other region that depend on melting snow for hydroelectric power could run low on water after glaciers have disappeared, requiring more communities to use pollution-creating oil or coal for energy, which in turn would produce more green house gases and more global warming. Most scientists who have participated in rec ent climatological studies agree that global warming will affect the world’s ecosystems and weather patterns. In addition, rising temperature and increased precipitation are likely to have harmful effect on human health. It also facilitates the growth of many disease insects like anopheles gambiae mosquito, Culex mosquito and flies (Johannes, p. 611). Global warming due to industrial pollution increases the cancer rate (Koeppel, 2001, p. 16). â€Å"As the planet’s largest consumer of fossil fuel, the United States, whose industry is responsible for some 35 percent of all the greenhouse gases ever created by human activity, was already cast as villain† (Christianson, 1999, p. 255). Due to the alarming levels of greenhouse gases continuing to increase

ICT in Finance :: ICT Essays

Credit Control ============== Credit control is a database and it tells the company when payments need to be made. By implementing a credit control procedure manual Boots are enforcing the company's individual characteristics. They are showing they have management and company values that will inform their customers that they have presence, confidence, diligence, and that they are prepared. Companies that have these values are less likely to suffer from late payment or bad debt (aged debts). Controlling their company's credit, when they no longer control their debtors the cost of financing their company's cash flow is at the mercy of those very same debtors. Boots need this because it tells them when their debts need to be made so they wont get into deeper debts. If they didn't use this method the company could go bankrupt in a few months. Forecasting Boots need to use forecasting when they seeing what products will be needed in the season because they will not buy furry body warmers for babies in the summer, these will be used in winter time this will make sure that boots do not lose any customers to other rivals Supplier Payments Supplier payments are payments that need to be paid to the company they bought their stock of. So if Boots needed to pay supplier payments this would mean that whatever supplier Boots bought their food and drink of these are payments that are to be made to the supplier. Boots gets sent an aged creditors report, this tells them the aged debts, will show the Finance Department who the company owes money to. This helps boots because they wont get behind with paying money they own to different people, so they wont get into deeper debt and that's why Boots needs this type of method. BACS (bankers automated clearing system) BACS means that you can now pay the creditors directly into their own bank accounts. Increasingly suppliers are receiving payment directly into their Bank Account via BACS, the automated clearing system. This means that cleared funds are available on the day you are paid - unlike the time delay associated with cheques, there is no possibility of cheques getting lost or delayed in the post, you are saved the time and trouble of paying cheques into your bank account, accounting procedures are simplified and administrative costs reduced. Boots would use this when they owe money to the suppliers because they have bought their food from them like the sweets the drink they sell. Boots needs this because when they pay the creditors by cheques they can get lost so the creditors will think that they haven't paid causing the company to go into debt with the creditors.

Volume Variety Matrix

Volume-variety and design In Chapter 1 the four V’s of operations were described. These were volume, variety, variation and visibility. The first two of these – volume and variety – are particularly important when considering design issues in operations management. Not only do they usually go together (high variety usually means low volume, high volume normally means low variety) but together they also impact on the nature of products and services and processes which produce them. The volume and variety of an operation’s activities are particularly influential in determining the way it thinks about its performance objectives.The figure below illustrates how the definitions of quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost are influenced by the volume-variety position of the operation. [pic] Quality Quality in a low volume-high variety process such as an architects’ practice, for example, is largely concerned with the final aesthetic appearance of the building and the appropriateness of its detailed design. In an exceptionally high volume-low variety process, such as an electricity supply company, quality is exclusively concerned with error-free service – electricity must be constantly available in the correct form (in terms of voltage, frequency, etc. . The meaning of quality has shifted from being concerned primarily with the performance and specification of the product or service towards conformity to a predefined standard, as we move from low volume-high variety operations through to high volume-low variety operations. Speed Speed for the architects’ practice means negotiating a completion date with each client, based on the client’s needs and the architects’ estimates of how much work is involved in each project. Speed is taken to its extreme in the electricity utility where speed means literally instant delivery.No electricity company could ask its customers to wait for their ‘delive ry’ of electricity. Speed therefore means an individually negotiated delivery time in low volume-high variety operations, but moves towards meaning ‘instant’ delivery in some high volume-low variety operations. Dependability Dependability in processes such as the architects’ practice means keeping to each individually negotiated delivery date. In continuous operations, dependability often means the availability of the service itself. A dependable electricity supply is one which is always there.So dependability has moved from meaning ‘on-time delivery’ in low volume-high variety operations to ‘availability’ in high volume-low variety operations. Flexibility Flexibility in low volume-high variety processes such as the architects’ practice means the ability to design many different kinds of buildings according to its clients’ various requirements. With the electricity company’s process, the need for product flexi bility has disappeared entirely (electricity is electricity, more or less) but the ability to meet almost instantaneous demand changes through volume flexibility is vital if the company is to maintain supply.Flexibility has moved from meaning product flexibility in low volume-high variety operations to volume flexibility in high volume-low variety operations. Cost Cost, in terms of the unit cost per product or service, varies with both the volume of output of the operation and the variety of products or services it produces. The variety of products or services in low-volume operations is relatively high, which means that running the operation will be expensive because of the flexible and high skill levels employed. Further, because the volume of output is relatively low, a few products or services are bearing the operation’s high cost base.Also, and more significantly for the operation, the cost of each product or service is different. At the other end of the scale, high-volu me operations usually produce similar products or services, output is high, so that whatever the base cost of the operation, it is shared among a high number of products or services. Cost per unit of output is therefore usually low for operations such as the electricity utility but, more significantly, the cost of producing one second of electricity is the same as the next second. Cost is relatively constant. Copyright  © 1995-2010, Pearson Education, Inc. Legal and Privacy Terms | [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] LINE. When product demand is high enough, the appropriate process is the assembly line. Often, this process (along with continuous; both are in the lower-right quadrant of the matrix) is referred to as mass production. Laborers generally perform the same operations for each production run in a standard and hopefully uninterrupted flow. The assembly line treats all outputs as basically the same.Firms characterized by this process are generally heavily automated, utilizing special- purpose equipment. Frequently, some form of conveyor system connects the various pieces of equipment used. There is usually a fixed set of inputs and outputs, constant throughput time, and a relatively continuous flow of work. Because the product is standardized, the process can be also, following the same path from one operation to the next. Routing, scheduling, and control are facilitated since each individual unit of output does not have to be monitored and controlled.This also means that the manager's span of control can increase and less skilled workers can be utilized. The product created by the assembly-line process is discrete; that is, it can be visually counted (as opposed to continuous processes which produce a product that is not naturally divisible). Almost everyone can think of an example of assembly-line manufacturing (automobile manufacturing is probably the most obvious). Examples of assembly lines in services are car washes, class registration in universities, and many fast food operations.Because the work-in-process equipment is organized and sequenced according to the steps involved to produce the product and is frequently connected by some sort of conveyor system, it is characterized as flowing in a line. Even though it may not be a straight line (some firms utilize a U-shaped assembly line) we say that it has a connected line flow. Also, firms in the lower-right quadrant (line and continuous) are classified as having a product layout. Continuous manufacturing involves lot-less production wherein the product flows continuously rather than being divided. A basic material is passed through successive operations (i. e. refining or processing) and eventually emerges as one or more products. This process is used to produce highly standardized outputs in extremely large volumes. The product range is usually so narrow and highly standardized that it can be characterized as a commodity. Considerable capital investment is required, so demand for co ntinuous process products must be extremely high. Starting and stopping the process can be prohibitively expensive. As a result, the processes usually run 24 hours a day with minimum downtime (hence, continuous flow). This also allows the firm to spread their enormous fixed cost over as large a base as possible.The routing of the process is typically fixed. As the material is processed it usually is transferred automatically from one part of the process to the next, frequently with self-monitoring and adjusting. Labor requirements are low and usually involve only monitoring and maintaining the machinery. Typical examples of industries utilizing the continuous process include gas, chemicals, electricity, ores, rubber, petroleum, cement, paper, and wood. Food manufacture is also a heavy user of continuous processing; especially water, milk, wheat, flour, sugar and spirits.Read more: Product-Process Matrix – strategy, organization, system, examples, manager, company, business, c ompetitiveness, system http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Or-Pr/Product-Process-Matrix. html#ixzz24d4V1uTD [pic] [pic] USING THE MATRIX The product-process matrix can facilitate the understanding of the strategic options available to a company, particularly with regard to its manufacturing function. A firm may be characterized as occupying a particular region in the matrix, determined by the stages of the product life cycle and its choice of production process(es) for each individual product.By incorporating this dimension into its strategic planning process, the firm encourages more creative thinking about organizational competence and competitive advantage. Also, use of the matrix provides a natural way to involve manufacturing managers in the planning process so they can relate their opportunities and decisions more effectively with those of marketing and of the corporation itself, all the while leading to more informed predictions about changes in industry and the firm's appropriate strategic responses. Each process choice on the matrix has a unique set of characteristics.Those in the upper-left quadrant of the matrix (job shop and batch) share a number of characteristics, as do those in the lower-right quadrant (assembly line and continuous). Upper-left firms employ highly skilled craftsmen (machinists, printers, tool and die makers, musical instrument craftsmen) and professionals (lawyers, doctors, CPAs, consultants). Hence upper-left firms can be characterized as labor intensive. Since upper-left firms tend to utilize general-purpose equipment, are seldom at 100 percent capacity, and employ workers with a wide range of skills, they can be very flexible.However, there is a difficult trade-off between efficiency and flexibility of operations. Most job shops tend to emphasize flexibility over efficiency. Since efficiency is not a strong point of upper-left firms, neither is low-cost production. Also, the low volume of production does not allo w upper-left firms to spread their fixed costs over a wide enough base to provide for reduced costs. Finally, upper-left firms are also more likely to serve local markets. Lower-right firms require production facilities that are highly specialized, capital intensive, and interrelated (therefore, inflexible).Labor requirements are generally unskilled or semi-skilled at most. Much of the labor requirement deals with merely monitoring and maintaining equipment. Lower-right firms are also more likely to serve national markets and can be vertically integrated. Hayes and Wheelwright relate three areas affected by the use of the product-process matrix: distinctive competence, management, and organization. DISTINCTIVE COMPETENCE. Distinctive competence is defined as the resources, skills, and organizational characteristics that give a firm a comparative advantage over its competitors.Simply put, a distinctive competence is the characteristic of a given product that causes the buyer to purch ase it rather than the similar product of a competitor. It is generally accepted that the distinctive competencies are cost/price, quality, flexibility and service/time. By using the product-process matrix as a framework, a firm can be more precise about its distinctive competence and can concentrate its attention on a restricted set of process decisions and alternatives and a restricted set of marketing alternatives.In our discussion, we have seen that the broad range of worker skills and the employment of general-purpose equipment give upper-left firms a large degree of flexibility while the highly specialized, high-volume environment of lower-right firms yields very little in the way of flexibility. Therefore, flexibility would be a highly appropriate distinctive competence for an upper-left firm. This is especially true when dealing with the need for flexibility of the product/service produced. Lower-right firms find it very difficult to sidetrack a high-volume operation because of an engineering change in the product.An entire line would have to be shut down while tooling or machinery is altered and large volumes of possibly obsolete work-in-process are accounted for. Upper-left firms, however, would have none of these problems with which to contend. It must be noted though that lower-right firms may possess an advantage regarding flexibility of volume. Quality may be defined a number ways. If we define quality as reliability, then lower-right firms could claim this as a distinctive competence. Lower-right firms would have the high volume necessary to quickly find and eliminate ugs in their product, yielding more reliability to the end user. However, if we define quality as quality of design (that is, â€Å"bells and whistles†Ã¢â‚¬â€things that embody status, such as leather seats in an automobile or a handcrafted musical instrument), then quality would be seen as a possible distinctive competence of upper-right firms. Service may also be defined in more ways than one. If one defines service as face-to-face interaction and personal attention, then upper-left firms could claim service as a distinctive competence. If service is defined as the ability to provide the product in a very short period of time (e. . , overnight), then service as a distinctive competence would belong to lower-right firms. Finally, remember that high volume, economies of scale, and low cost are characteristics of firms in the lower-right quadrant of the matrix. Upper-left firms produce low volumes (sometimes only one) and cannot take advantage of economies of scale. (Imagine, for instance, what you would have to pay for a handcrafted musical instrument. ) Therefore, it is obvious that price or cost competitiveness is within the domain of lower-right firms. MANAGEMENT.In general, the economics of production processes favor positions along the diagonal of the product-process matrix. That is, firms operating on or close to the diagonal are expected to out perform firms choosing extreme off-diagonal positions. Hayes and Wheelwright provide the example of a firm positioned in the upper-right corner of the matrix. This would appear to be a commodity produced by a job shop, an option that is economically unfeasible. A firm positioned in the lower-left corner would represent a unique one-time product produced by a continuous process, again not a feasible option.Both examples are too far off the diagonal. Firms that find themselves too far off the diagonal invite trouble by impairing their ability to compete effectively. While firms operating in the near vicinity, but not exactly on the diagonal, can be niche players, positions farther away from the diagonal are difficult to justify. Rolls Royce makes automobiles in a job shop environment but they understand the implications involved. Companies off the diagonal must be aware of traps it can fall into and implications presented by their position. Also, a firm's choice of roduct-process posi tion places them to the right or left of competitors along the horizontal dimension of the matrix and above or below its competitors along the vertical dimension of the matrix. The strategic implications are obvious. Of course, a firm's position on the matrix may change over time, so the firm must be aware of the implications and maintain the capability to deal with them appropriately. The matrix can provide powerful insights into the consequences of any planned product or process change. Use of the product-process matrix can also help a firm define its product.Hayes and Wheelwright relate the example of a specialized manufacturer of printed circuit boards who produced a low-volume, customized product using a highly connected assembly-line process. Obviously, this would place them in the lower-left corner of the matrix; not a desirable place to be. This knowledge forced the company to realize that what they were offering was not really circuit boards after all, but design capability . So, in essence, they were mass-producing designs rather than the boards themselves. Hence, they were not far off the diagonal at all.ORGANIZATION. Firms organize different operating units so that they can specialize on separate portions of the total manufacturing task while still maintaining overall coordination. Most firms will select two or more processes for the products or services they produce. For example, a firm may use a batch process to make components for products, which are constructed on assembly lines. This would be especially true if the work content for component production or the volume needed was not sufficient for the creation of a dedicated line process.Also, firms may need separate facilities for different products or parts, or they may simply separate their production within the same facility. It may even be that a firm can produce the similar products through two different process options. For example, Fender Musical Instruments not only mass produces electri c guitars (assembly line) but also offers customized versions of the same product through the Fender Custom Shop (job shop). Again, the matrix provides a valuable framework for diagnostic use in these situations.OTHER USES OF THE PRODUCT-PROCESS MATRIX Additional uses of the matrix include: †¢ Analyzing the product entry and exit. †¢ Determining the appropriate mix of manufacturing facilities, identifying the key manufacturing objectives for each plant, and monitoring progress on those objectives at the corporate level. †¢ Reviewing investment decisions for plants and equipment in terms of their consistency with product and process plans. †¢ Determining the direction and timing of major changes in a company's production processes. Evaluating product and market opportunities in light of the company's manufacturing capabilities. †¢ Selecting an appropriate process and product structure for entry into a new market. It should be noted that recent empirical resea rch by Sohel Ahmad and Roger G. Schroeder found the proposed relationship between product structure and process structure to be significant but not strong. In general terms, they found that as the product life cycle changes the process life cycle also shifts in the consistent direction, but not necessarily along the diagonal.Some 60 percent of the firms studied did not fall on the diagonal. The researchers propose that this occurred because new management and technological initiatives have eliminated or minimized some of the inherent trade-offs found on the Product-Process Matrix. They classify these initiatives as processing technology, product design and managerial practice (e. g. , TQM and JIT). Therefore, Ahmad and Schroeder recommend that the matrix be conceptualized as having three axes instead of two.They propose an x-axis (product life cycle stages), a y-axis (process life cycle stages), and a z-axis that represents an organization's proactive effort towards adopting and imp lementing these innovative initiatives. As a firm moves away from the origin along the z-axis, it becomes able to minimize some of the trade-offs seen in the Product-Process Matrix framework. Read more: Product-Process Matrix – strategy, organization, system, examples, manager, company, business, competitiveness, system http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Or-Pr/Product-Process-Matrix. h tml#ixzz24d4lyOQ5 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]

The Death Penalty Is A Form Of Punishment - 1961 Words

The death penalty is a form of punishment for criminals and has been undeniable until more recently when whether or not it is an ethical practice has been called into question. Offenders, their families, and the victim’s families experience emotional turmoil during and after execution. Convicts that get sentenced to death may remain on death row for several years and, during that process, some rebuild their lives within prison. Inmates have the opportunity to help other prisoners through leadership, uplifting justice programs and becoming a good listener. In 2014, Jeff Ferguson was â€Å"executed for the rape and murder† of Kelli Hall. Although her family believed that the execution would heal all their emotional wounds this was not the case.†¦show more content†¦States that continue to practice the death penalty have not proven that it has lowered their crime rates compared to states that only use life sentences. Therefore, a harsh punishment of death is n ot the answer to most, if not all heinous crimes. Slaughtering a person in cold blood is punishable by law, but what are we teaching society if a judge orders that individual to be sentenced to death as well? Organizations against the death penalty consider capital punishment to be strictly a warning, but do not prevent murders, which â€Å"lack the deterrent effort which is commonly referred to by its advocates† (â€Å"Why the Death Penalty†). Killing an offender for a fatal crime is contradicting to the lesson we are trying to teach the people of America and violates the right to human life. Although murder is a dreadful act and unlawful, it appears that it is legal for government officials to put criminals to death. This form of punishment is cruel, cold-hearted and inappropriate to all offenders. It is time for government to review the laws on capital punishment to understand that a life taken should not constitute another life be shortened by death. Although kill ing someone is a terrible act that is extremely cruel it should not give government officials the right to order executions. Executing someone is taking away their human right to live and a promise broken to protect our rights. A breach of rights is denied because the death penalty â€Å"violates the right to life whichShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Death Penalty Elizabeth del Rio San Jose State University Abstract This paper will propose all the arguments for and against the use of the death penalty as a form of punishment. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a punishment for criminals who haveRead MoreDeath Penalty As A Form Of Punishment1305 Words   |  6 PagesDeath Penalty Throughout mankind has been using the death penalty as a form of punishment. Many people argue with this type of punishment because they believe in an eye for an eye. Many people that it is okay to murder a human being due to them having killed an individual over time. There have been many cases that have proven that they death penalty violates the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment, being very expensive, and innocent lives are convicted. ManyRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment918 Words   |  4 Pagesthey truly guilty? The multitude of society asks the same questions when debating the death penalty process as a form of punishment. The death penalty can be debated on both sides, for or against, and the debate brings controversial since this is a long standing debatable issue. Both sides have researched statistics and produced evidence with certain factors in favor of or against, in result the death penalty stands in most states but the execution process now has strict guidelines. The guidelinesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is An Ancient Form Of Punishment978 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Justice 10/18/2015 The death penalty has become a major social issue that questions the morality and efficiency of our justice system. The death penalty, or capital punishment, is an ancient form of punishment that finds its roots throughout ancient history, and it intertwines with America s foundation. T he first known execution in the colonies occurred more than a hundred years before America won its independence, in 1630 (8). Since then the death penalty been a force of controversy inRead MoreDeath Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment895 Words   |  4 Pages In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have arguedRead MoreDeath Penalty Is An Outdated Form Of Punishment1691 Words   |  7 PagesDeath Penalty in the United States The United States has a long history with the death penalty. Every perspective of the death has been argued, from the religious aspect of the government playing â€Å"God† to the death penalty being a solid form of crime deterrence and everything in between. This paper will show the death penalty is an outdated form of punishment and an expense that cannot be justified due to the lack of crime deterrence. History Since the 1700s, the death penalty has been a formRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is an Outdated Form of Punishment1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty is an Outdated Form of Punishment The protective authority is becoming cleverer to stopping crimes and is still increasing for the past years. With the punishment of the death penalty crimes have not been decreasing. In fact the crime in the United States are 5 times more than Australia and Britain. The death penalty is an outdated form of punishment and should be abolished because it is cruel and unusual. With the death penalty enacted criminals have been killed for their crimesRead MoreDeath Penalty Is The Extreme Form Of Punishment Essay1982 Words   |  8 Pageslife imprisonment without parole. This continuum does not include the death penalty. The death penalty is the extreme form of punishment, reserved for cases which include the most horrendous incidences of murder. In the past, the death penalty has also been enforced in cases of treason and spying against the country. It was reported in the article from â€Å"DEATH PENALTY INFORMATION CENTER† that the original use of the death penalty in the United States was significantly influenced by British Law as wasRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment1917 Words   |  8 Pagesmerely denying another human the right to live. Death Penalty is a sentence where the state terminate the life of the convicted as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty is legal as well as long as it is imposed fairly. It is one has been an ongoing battle in the United States that raises some litigation issues regarding the effectiveness of counsel, the use of qualified juries, and the lengthy period in which offenders have to spend on death row while anticipating execution. However, in orderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Form Of Capital Punishment Essay2352 Words   |  10 PagesThe death penalty is a form of capital punishment which has been implemented in the judicial system for thousands of years, the popularity of which has fluctuated throughout the years. Over time, the public has generally been supportive of the use of the death penalty within the United States judicial system, where at one point almost all citizens were in favor of this form of capital punishment. However, in more recent years, the support for it has decreased and due to this it has become a less